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The hydrogen (H) has oxidation number +1 with them nonmetals and –1 with the metals.
The fluorine (F) only has oxidation number
–1.
The oxygen (O) has oxidation number -2, except in the
peroxides where it is –1
The alkali metals (group 1, or group of the Li) have 1
electron in the last cap, tend to lose it, having always in the compounds oxidation number
+1.
The alkaline earth metals (group 2, or group of the Be)
have 2 electrons in the last cap, tend to
lose them, having always in the compounds oxidation number +2.
The group of B (group 13) has 3 electrons in
the last cap, they
tend to lose them, having in the compounds oxidation number +3.
The group of C (group 14) has 4 electrons in
the last cap, they
tend to share them, have oxidation number +4 with the nonmetals, and oxidation number
–4 with the metals and H.
The pnictogens (group 15, or group of N) has 5 electrons
in the last cap, they tend to earn 3, having always with H and with the metals oxidation number
–3.
The chalcogens (group 16, or group of O) have 6 electrons
in the last cap, tend to earn 2, having always with H and with the metals oxidation number
–2.
The halogens (group 17, or group of F) have 7 electrons
in the last cap, tend to earn 1, having always with H and with the metals oxidation number
–1.
In the transition metals the Ag has oxidation number +1,
the Zn and the Cd have oxidation number +2, and the Sc, Y and
La
have oxidation number +3.
The groups 14 to 17 present several oxidation number when
they form oxoacids, but they are studied later on.
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